PERLINDUNGAN MASYARAKAT SEBAGAI PEMEGANG HAK ATAS LINGKUNGAN YANG BAIK DAN SEHAT SEBAGAI BAGIAN DARI HAM TERHADAP PENCEMARAN UDARA AKIBAT KEBAKARAN HUTAN

Herryanto, Silvia (2025) PERLINDUNGAN MASYARAKAT SEBAGAI PEMEGANG HAK ATAS LINGKUNGAN YANG BAIK DAN SEHAT SEBAGAI BAGIAN DARI HAM TERHADAP PENCEMARAN UDARA AKIBAT KEBAKARAN HUTAN. S1 thesis, UNIVERSITAS ATMA JAYA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

The protection of the community as the holder of the right to a good environment is part of Human Rights (HAM). However, in practice, this protection has not been maximized, especially in terms of law enforcement. Regulations related to environmental protection have been stipulated in Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management (UUPPLH). However, environmental pollution, including that caused by forest fires, has not been categorized as a human rights violation under Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights (UU HAM), making it ineligible for prosecution through human rights courts. This research employs a normative legal research method using a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The study aims to analyze the extent to which community protection against air pollution caused by forest fires has been implemented as part of human rights. The findings indicate that despite various regulations and related institutions such as the Environmental Management Agency (BPLH), the National Commission on Human Rights (Komnas HAM), and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), law enforcement regarding the right to a clean environment remains weak. One of the main factors is the absence of a specialized institution handling environmental pollution cases as human rights violations, as well as the lack of synchronization between UUPPLH and UU HAM. Therefore, amendments to UUPPLH and UU HAM are necessary to recognize environmental pollution, including forest fires, as human rights violations. Additionally, the government should consider introducing ecocide as a serious crime and establish a specialized institution responsible for handling environmental pollution cases to strengthen law enforcement and create a deterrent effect on environmental offenders.

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