The Island Biogeography of Wallacea and Krakatoa Island

Yuni, Luh Putu Eswaryanti Kusuma and Yuda, Ign. Pramana (2020) The Island Biogeography of Wallacea and Krakatoa Island. In: Encyclopedia of the World's Biomes. Elselvier, US, pp. 217-229. ISBN 978-0-12-816097-8

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Abstract

Wallacea is remarkable for a high degree of endemicity. This region consists of three distinct island groups, namely Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda, and Moluccas. As the biggest island in this region, Sulawesi has several distinct forest types that provide habitat for the high number of endemic mammals and birds. Lesser Sunda Islands also has a unique biodiversity; most of its islands were very young geologically and have never been connected to a landmass. Therefore, their flora and fauna evolved independently. Similarly, the Moluccas region has high avian biodiversity, that is, provides home for 579 avifauna species, in which 83 species are endemic to the region. The other island described in this article is Krakatoa Island which is located between the islands of Sumatra and Java in the Republic of Indonesia. Its eruption in 1883 was one of the most violent volcanic events of modern history. This eruption has provided opportunities for long term ecological research on tropical island biogeography and succession. Krakatoa has also been an excellent site for biogeography studies.

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