PENGATURAN KEWENANGAN IAEA DALAM PENGAWASAN PEMBUANGAN LIMBAH NUKLIR KE LAUT OLEH PLTN FUKUSHIMA JEPANG

Keysha, Jerrico (2025) PENGATURAN KEWENANGAN IAEA DALAM PENGAWASAN PEMBUANGAN LIMBAH NUKLIR KE LAUT OLEH PLTN FUKUSHIMA JEPANG. S1 thesis, UNIVERSITAS ATMA JAYA YOGYAKARTA.

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Abstract

The global energy crisis is driving innovation in the utilization of alternative energy sources, including nuclear energy, which is considered a potential solution due to its large electricity production capacity and low carbon emissions. However, the utilization of nuclear energy also raises various problems, especially in radioactive waste management. One case that has become a global concern is the disposal of nuclear waste into the sea by the Fukushima Daiichi NPP, Japan, which has raised concerns about its impact on the marine environment. This research aims to analyze the regulation of the authority of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in supervising the disposal of nuclear waste into the sea by the Fukushima NPP in Japan, focusing on legal gaps and the effectiveness of supervision. The research method used is normative law, with analysis of primary legal materials such as IAEA statute, 1982 UNCLOS, London Convention and Protocol, and Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management, as well as secondary legal materials such as literature and journals. The results show that although the IAEA has the authority to set safety standards and conduct inspections, the IAEA statute does not explicitly regulate the disposal of nuclear waste into the sea, resulting in legal uncertainty. The conclusion of this study confirms that strengthening the authority of the IAEA in the supervision of nuclear waste disposal to the sea is needed, through amendments or revisions to the IAEA Statute as well as amendments or harmonization with other international legal instruments. This step is expected to ensure stricter safety standards, increase transparency, and strengthen accountability mechanisms for countries that discharge nuclear waste into the sea.

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